Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. . Turn-of-the-century maritime photographs, dhows off the east African coast Monsoon Dhows Sailors have harnessed the Indian Ocean's monsoon winds for at least two millennia. 12. Approximately 55,000 people live in or around the Quirimbas marine reserve off the coast of Mozambique. The region also provides habitat for threatened shorebirds and seabirds, including the sooty tern, the masked booby, the greater crested tern, and the brown noddy. East Africa is a subregion of the continent of Africa, according to the United Nations Geoscheme. In March 1505, having received from Manuel I of Portugal the appointment of viceroy of the newly conquered territory in India, he set sail from Lisbon in command of a large and powerful fleet, and arrived in July at Quiloa (Kilwa), which yielded to him almost without a struggle. Rainfall in East Africa is characterised by two main rainfall seasons, the long rains from MarchMay and the short rains from October- December. The different types of mangroves that were planted can withstand longer periods of flooding. The east coast of South Africa has a generally well-defined and narrow continental shelf area. At other places on his way, such as the island of Angediva, near Goa, and Cannanore, the Portuguese built forts, and adopted measures to secure the Portuguese supremacy. With its original speech community centered on the coastal parts of Tanzania (particularly Zanzibar) and Kenyaa seaboard referred to as the Swahili Coastthe Bantu Swahili language contains many Arabic loan-words as a consequence of these interactions. Scientific consensus states the region of East Africa is where anatomically modern humans first evolved circa 200,000 years ago before migrating northwards and eastwards out of Africa. El Nino events tend to increase rainfall except in the northern and western parts of the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands, where they produce drought and poor Nile floods. Portuguese trading stations in East Africa and the Slave trade. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan are considered the most likely location of the land known to the Ancient Egyptians as Punt. For example, we work with farmers to adopt drought resistant crops and conserve natural resources in the face of water shortages. Following the Zanzibar Revolution of 1965, the independent state of Tanganyika formed the United Republic of Tanzania by creating a union between the mainland, and the island chain of Zanzibar. The eastern coast of Africa looks out over the Indian Ocean, which, though vast, is comparatively easily navigated. Some are sovereign nations in their own right, while others are little-known secrets that harbor fantastic cultural and natural treasures. Threatened by illegal fishing, agricultural pollution and surrounding forest degradation, WWF worked to protect this area for future generations. Overharvesting of timber and illegal commercial logging continue to threaten forests in Coastal East Africa. Some geologists studying the Canary Islands predict that the western side of a volcano eventually will slide off into the ocean, sending a 300-foot high wave of liquid destruction our way. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Because of a combination of the region's generally high altitude and the rain shadow of the westerly monsoon winds created by the Rwenzori Mountains and Ethiopian Highlands, East Africa is surprisingly cool and dry for its latitude. traverses the expanses of the Southern Ocean south of Africa, south of Australia, and the south Pacific. The British Empire set foot in the region's most exploitable and promising lands acquiring what is today Uganda, and Kenya. Off the coast of East Africa is the Indian Ocean. [79], According to the CIA, as of 2017, the countries in the eastern Africa region have a total population of around 537.9 million inhabitants.[80]. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Eastern Africa, 16001800 A.D. Humanities LibreTexts - East Africa and the Horn of Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - East Africa, Ugandan lawmaker introduces new anti-LGBTQ legislation, French court to rule on TotalEnergies' east Africa projects, Jill Biden sees East Africa drought up close, seeks more aid, Kenya labor court rules that Facebook can be sued. There appears also to have been a rather extensive trade with the island of Madagascar. The Protectorate of Uganda and the Colony of Kenya were located in a rich farmland area mostly appropriate for the cultivation of cash crops like coffee and tea, as well as for animal husbandry with products produced from cattle and goats, such as goat meat, beef and milk. East Coast ports have been undertaking more and more investments in recent years. Home to some of the most spectacular and treasured life, the oceans and seas surrounding Africa contain a multitude of creatures that thrive in the warm and cold currents that run along our continent. Women gathering sand oysters in Mozambique. The red stood for the English, blue stood for the French, and the beige stood for Germany during the period of colonialism. Today, tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, and Uganda. The ocean's name, derived from Greek mythology, means the "Sea of Atlas." It is second in size to the Pacific Ocean. The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Credit: DOI: 10.1038/s41561-021-00809-x. Today they are still used across the Indian Ocean to carry merchandise such as fruits, water, or spices. 293,654,000. Sadly, when it comes to the ocean, the out of sight out of mind way of thinking often applies. By the late nineteenth century, the slave trade on the open seas had been completely outlawed by the British and the Omani Arabs had little ability to resist the British navy's ability to enforce the directive. One particularly powerful western boundary current is the Gulf Stream. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. Africa is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Red Sea to the northeast, Indian Ocean to the east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In fact, a 2015 study published in Geophysical Research Letters showed that by closely watching these tropical disturbances off the coast of western Africa, researchers . Ancient Africa's east coast was home to trading cities, a region that subsists primarily on international import and export. Location: Africa The Kiunga Marine National Reserve in Kenya supports the world's largest breeding colony of roseate terns. Over a period of many centuries, most hunting-foraging peoples were displaced and absorbed by incoming Bantu communities, as well as by later Nilotic communities. South of Sarapion, Nikon, the Pyralaae Islands, and the island of Diorux (about whose precise location only speculation seems possible), the chief town was Rhapta, which may lie buried in the Rufiji delta of present-day Tanzania. Networking & debating APP subscribers only, TRUSTED CONSERVATION PROJECTS Starting in the 1850s, the small protectorate of Djibouti became French Somaliland in 1897. We also work with local communities in Mozambique and Kenya to reduce turtle harvesting and local trade. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29, Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p.114. This volume contains papers rst presented at the conference, Early Maritime Cultures of the East Manda had close trading connections with the Persian Gulfwith Srf in particular. Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. In East Africa, the shift was marked by the appearance of sgraffito pottery manufactured in the Makrn. Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa East Africa, List of African cuisines East African cuisine, Music of Africa West, Central, Southeast and South Africa, Sub-Saharan African music traditions East Africa, Traditional African religions East Africa, Writing systems of Africa Ancient orthographies, List of ethnic groups of Africa East Africa, History of science and technology in Africa, genocide of Hutus in 1972 and genocide of Tutsis in 1993, "United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)", "Overview of Module Twenty: Southern Africa", 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T6557A16980917.en, 10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<3457:gpoirv>2.0.co;2, "A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean", "A geographically explicit genetic model of worldwide human-settlement history", Searching for traces of the Southern Dispersal, "Genomic evidence for an African expansion of anatomically modern humans by a Southern route", "Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia", "Meet the Contenders for Earliest Modern Human", "Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia", "Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up in Kenya", "A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species", "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age", "Scientists Find the Skull of Humanity's Ancestor on a Computer By comparing fossils and CT scans, researchers say they have reconstructed the skull of the last common forebear of modern humans", "Deciphering African late middle Pleistocene hominin diversity and the origin of our species", Guns, Germs and Steel: The Fate of Human Societies, "Forgotten Ancient History of East Africa", "The Bantu Migration | World Civilization", "Perspectives on the African past Google Books", "Uganda and Its Peoples: Notes on the Protectorate of Uganda, Especially the Anthropology and Ethnology of Its Indigenous Races", "Islands in a Cosmopolitan Sea: A History of the Comoros by Iain Walker (Review)", "Book review. eastern Africa, part of sub-Saharan Africa comprising two traditionally recognized regions: East Africa, made up of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda; and the Horn of Africa, made up of Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia. The spread of ironworking and the Bantu migrations, The chieftainships of the southern savanna, https://www.britannica.com/place/eastern-Africa. In rural areas, people have lost crops and livestock and face hunger and outbreaks of malaria. The subregion stretches from Eritrea in the north to Mozambique in the south. A close up of a giant sea clam in Sodwana Bay, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2017 Top 101), Giant sea clams typically occur on the east coast of Africa in clear water of less than 10 metres. It consists of 18 countries and 2 dependencies. 11. Its a beautiful part of the world this blue desert with its hidden abundance of life. Due to the historical Omani Empire and colonial territories of the British East Africa Protectorate and German East Africa, the term East Africa is often (especially in the English language) used to specifically refer to the area now comprising the three countries of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. 1969. Between the two rift valleys lies a plateau that comprises most of Uganda and western Tanzania and includes Lake Victoria. A new period opened, it seems, in the 9th century. In Mozambique, WWF helped initiate a new law that makes TEDs mandatory in the countrys shrimp trawl fleet. Lionel Casson. Drink. Best Answer. But there is: underwater. Casson, Lionel (1989). Here are the possible solutions for "Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean" clue. This warm current is also pushed westward by the cold Canary current. In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The wildlife of East Africa is quite extraordinary, and a cruise can be easily combined with a Kenyan or Tanzanian safari. Shadows in the water at the Aliwal Shoal, South Africa Christophe Lapeze (Photographer of the Year 2017 Entrant), ? Between 2500 and 3000 years ago, Bantu-speaking peoples began a millennia-long series of migrations eastward from their homeland around southern Cameroon. The South African coastline is 3200 km from Oranjemund on the west coast to the Mozambique border at Ponta do Oura on the east coast. Because of offshore islands, better landing places, and wetter climate, Arab traders from about 700 seem to have preferred the East African coast to the south of modern Somalia. The trading ships made their way down the east coast of Africa stopping at towns to trade for African goods such as ivory, gold, myrrh to make a fine skin oil, animal skins, frankincense and ambergris used to make perfumes, and slaves. World Wildlife Fund Inc. is a nonprofit, tax-exempt charitable organization (tax ID number 52-1693387) under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Chami, F. A. WWF and partners have helped fishermen create a sustainable oyster harvesting system, resulting in increased profits and yield. At altitudes of above 2,500 metres (8,202ft), frosts are common during the dry season and maxima typically about 21C (70F) or less. Azania Vol. Further information in the sections of Architecture of Africa: Further information in the sections of History of science and technology in Africa: Since the end of colonialism, several East African countries were riven with military coups, ethnic violence and oppressive dictators. Ranger in Udzungwe National Park, Tanzania. Along the coasts, you can find dugongs, whale sharks, dolphins, whales, and five species of marine turtles. WWF encourages the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in shrimp trawlers, which allow marine turtles to escape from nets. The expanses of the Year 2017 Entrant ), the beige stood for the English, stood... The eastern subregion of the continent of Africa, or East of &... 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