The largest death toll in a single attack was in the 3 March 1991 Cappagh killings, when the UVF killed IRA members John Quinn, Dwayne O'Donnell and Malcolm Nugent, and civilian Thomas Armstrong in the small village of Cappagh. For an online, self-service experience, please visit: Almost 10 years later in October 1994, he was chosen to announce to the world that the main loyalist paramilitary groups, the UVF and the UDA, were declaring ceasefires in response to an IRA cessation. But despite the statement, the UVF was subsequently involved in sporadic violence, including several murders. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. [7] His family had a long tradition of Orange Order membership. [45], Released from prison in 1984, Spence soon became a leading member of the UVF-linked Progressive Unionist Party (PUP) and a central figure in the Northern Ireland peace process. "However he did dedicate himself to peace and reconciliation for much of his later life so he will also be remembered as a major influence in drawing loyalism away from sectarian strife," he added. Tributes were paid to former leading loyalist paramilitary turned peacemaker Gusty Spence at his funeral in Belfast today. [125], The UVF has killed more people than any other loyalist paramilitary group. [121][122] The UVF did not return to regular bombings until the early 1990s when it obtained a quantity of the mining explosive Powergel. The newspaper also reported that the group refused to decommission its weapons. [40] These were all subordinate to the Brigade Staff. [85][86], On 2526 October 2010, the UVF was involved in rioting and disturbances in the Rathcoole area of Newtownabbey with UVF gunmen seen on the streets at the time. It claimed the pubs were used for republican fundraising. [citation needed] The arms were divided between the UVF, the UDA (the largest loyalist group) and Ulster Resistance.[61]. There are various credible[citation needed] allegations that elements of the British security forces colluded with the UVF in the bombings. This was a large, three-day riot between Irish nationalists and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). Mr Lynch's widow, Norma, recollected last night that the late Catholic primate of Ireland, Cardinal O Fiaich, had said that "if there was a hope for peace in Ireland it would come through Gusty". Notable mourners included Unionist politicians Dawn Purvis, Mike Nesbitt, Michael McGimpsey, Hugh Smyth and Brian Ervine, UVF chief John "Bunter" Graham and UDA South Belfast brigadier Jackie McDonald. [30] There were bombings on 30 March, 4 April, 20 April, 24 April and 26 April. [30] Met by two members of the Red Hand Commando upon his release, Spence was informed of the need for a restructuring within the UVF and told not to return to prison. The UVF's leadership is based in Belfast and known as the Brigade Staff. [2] He was sent to Crumlin Road Prison. Since the ceasefire, the UVF has been involved in rioting, drug dealing, organised crime, loan-sharking and prostitution. In 1972, five Toronto businessmen shipped weapons in grain container ships out of Halifax, bound for ports in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland which were destined for loyalist militants. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an organisation which was responsible for hundreds of sectarian murders during the Troubles. [citation needed] The feud between the UVF and the LVF erupted again in the summer of 2005. His father was a Somme veteran who emigrated to Belfast after the war and became a member of the Orange Order. Mharaigh na Bistir thart ar 23 Caitliceach agus 8 Protastnach, dream dlseoir sceapatacha a d'fhuadaigh, a chiapaigh agus . When the Assets Recovery Agency won a High Court order to seize luxury homes belonging to ex-policeman Colin Robert Armstrong and his partner Geraldine Mallon in 2005, Alan McQuillan said "We have further alleged Armstrong has had links with the UVF and then the LVF following the split between those organisations." Less extreme measures will be taken against anyone sheltering or helping them, but if they persist in giving them aid, then more extreme methods will be adopted. The coffin, covered with the flag of the Ulster Rifles and his beret, of former UVF leader Gusty Spence passes a UVF mural along the Shankill Road in Belfast after his funeral at St Michael's Church. He was the first RUC officer to be killed during the Troubles. The 78-year-old had been ill for some time. "However he did dedicate himself to peace and reconciliation for much of his later life so he will also be remembered as a major influence in drawing loyalism away from sectarian strife," he added. Captain Robert Nairac of 14 Intelligence Company was alleged to have been involved in many acts of UVF violence. The British Army were deployed on the streets of Northern Ireland. We are heavily armed Protestants dedicated to this cause. '[159], The UVF's satellite organisation, the Red Hand Commando, was described by the IMC in 2004 as "heavily involved" in drug dealing. [120] However, from 1977 bombs largely disappeared from the UVF's arsenal owing to a lack of explosives and bomb-makers, plus a conscious decision to abandon their use in favour of more contained methods. Anderson, Malcolm & Bort, Eberhard (1999). Gusty Spence announced the loyalist paramilitary ceasefires in 1994, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. [36] Catholic churches were also attacked. He read the loyalist ceasefire statement in 1994 and was asked to read the UVF weapons decommissioning statement, at the age of 74, in 2007. "They are holding local communities to ransom. [41] Furthermore, the VPP suffered a heavy defeat in West Belfast in the October 1974 general election, when the DUP candidate John McQuade captured six times as many votes as the VPP's Ken Gibson. [29] The loyalists "intended to force a crisis which would so undermine confidence in O'Neill's ability to maintain law and order that he would be obliged to resign". Afterwards a plot was concocted where his nephew Frankie Curry, also a UVF member, would drive Spence back to jail but the car would be stopped and Spence "kidnapped". The UVF very clearly have involvement in drug dealing, all forms of gangsterism, serious assaults, intimidation of the community. Berenice's Cremation & Burial Care offers qualified funeral services in La Habra, CA, 90631. [116], Like the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF's modus operandi involved assassinations, mass shootings, bombings and kidnappings. [113] At other times, attacks on Catholic civilians were claimed as "retaliation" for IRA actions, since the IRA drew almost all of its support from the Catholic community. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. These included the Miami Showband killings of 31 July 1975 when three members of the popular showband were killed, having been stopped at a fake British Army checkpoint outside Newry in County Down. Flanked by his PUP colleagues Jim McDonald and William Plum Smith, as well as Ulster Democratic Party members Gary McMichael, John White and Davy Adams, Spence read out the statement from Fernhill a former Cunningham family home on their former Glencairn estate in Belfast's Glencairn area. we solemnly warn the authorities to make no more speeches of appeasement. [95][96], In October 2013, the policing board announced that the UVF was still heavily involved in gangsterism despite its ceasefire. [37], The IRA had split into the Provisional IRA and Official IRA in December 1969. Others who attended included Jeanette Irvine, the widow of the former PUP Assembly member, David Ervine, Dawn Purvis, the former PUP Assembly member who resigned from the party over the UVF's activities and the former Assembly member and former Human Rights Commissioner, Monica Mc Williams. The family of the former UVF leader Gusty Spence is planning a funeral with the emphasis on his British army past rather than his time in the paramilitary group. The UVF stated that the attempted attack was a protest against the Irish Army units "still massed on the border in County Donegal". He was born in the Shankill Road area of Belfast. [8], Spence took various manual jobs in the area until joining the British Army in 1957 as a member of the Royal Ulster Rifles. [21] In April 1966, Ulster loyalists led by Ian Paisley, a Protestant fundamentalist preacher, founded the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC). [84] Eleven months later, a man was arrested and charged with the attempted murder of the UVF's alleged second-in-command Harry Stockman, described by the Belfast Telegraph as a "senior Loyalist figure". Among their engagements was one as guests of honour of the National Committee on American Foreign Policy. The UVF carried out dozens of sectarian murderers and it was while he was serving a sentence in Long Kesh prison for his role in the murder of a Catholic that Mr Spence began to change his views about the use of violence. Wright is believed to have dealt mainly in Ecstasy tablets in the early 90s. In October 1994, he was chosen to read a statement from the Combined Loyalist Military Command declaring a cessation of violence and expressing abject and true remorse for the deaths caused. And openly colluded with the UDA (UFF) and UVF through the Paramilitary groups he founded. [53] Spence, a talented footballer in his youth with Old Lodge F.C., was a lifelong supporter of Linfield F.C. She died of her injuries on 27 June. During this time he restructured the organisation into brigades, battalions, companies, platoons and sections. [22] Spence's involvement in the killings gave him legendary status among many young loyalists and he was claimed as an inspiration by the likes of Michael Stone. [9] According to the book Lost Lives (2006 edition), it was responsible for 569 killings. Ontario is to Ulster Protestants what Boston is to Irish Catholics." Wednesday, 15 February 2023 | 10.2 . The charges were dropped but later in 1966 he was given life for the murder of Peter Ward, who had called in to a Shankill Road bar with Catholic workmates and was shot dead as he left. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. The Mid-Ulster Brigade was also responsible for the 1975 Miami Showband killings, in which three members of the popular Irish cabaret band were shot dead at a bogus military checkpoint by gunmen in British Army uniforms. The first British soldier to be killed by the Provisional IRA died in February 1971. Paisley had intimated that Kilfedder, a rival for the leadership of dissident unionism, was close to Fine Gael after learning that he had attended party meetings while a student at Trinity College Dublin. Available for both RF and RM licensing. [29], On 12 August 1969, the "Battle of the Bogside" began in Derry. Both pubs were wrecked and a number of people were wounded. [2] He ran his part of the Maze along military lines, drilling inmates and training them in weapons use while also expecting a maintenance of discipline. The new Brigade Staff's aim was to carry out attacks against known republicans rather than Catholic civilians. During his time in prison Spence renounced violence and helped to convince a number of fellow inmates that the future of the UVF lay in a more political approach. [49], On 3 May 2007, Spence read out the statement by the UVF announcing that it would keep its weapons but put them beyond the reach of ordinary members. They also stated that they would retain their weaponry but put them beyond reach of normal volunteers. An article published by the newspaper fingered Wright as a drug lord and sectarian murderer. [27] Spence appointed Samuel McClelland as UVF Chief of Staff in his stead. "On behalf of Sinn Fein I would wish to extend my condolences to his family at this time.". All were widely blamed on the IRA, and British soldiers were sent to guard installations. The Irish parliament's Joint Committee on Justice called the bombings an act of "international terrorism" involving the British security forces. While republicans were the expressed target, the attacks that followed were explicitly sectarian. My experience of Gusty was as the whole man. [55] The hawks had been ousted by those in the UVF who were unhappy with their political and military strategy. Augustus Andrew Spence (28 June 1933 [2] - 25 September 2011) was a leader of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) and a leading loyalist politician in Northern Ireland. 206, 207, Ed Moloney, Secret History of the IRA, p.321, "Voices From the Grave:Two Men's War in Ireland" Ed Moloney, Faber & Faber, 2010 pp 417. Scores of houses and businesses were burnt out, most of them owned by Catholics. Augustus Gusty Spence (78), was convicted for a sectarian murder in 1966 and was a figurehead of the paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) which killed hundreds of people when the full violence of the Troubles began three years later. It would continue these tactics for the rest of its campaign. Gusty Spence reading the 2007 UVF 'weapons beyond use' statement in Belfast. The widow of former PUP leader David Ervine, Jeanette, also attended. In line with Mr Spences wishes, his coffin was draped with the flag of the Royal Ulster Rifles, the British army regiment in which he served for six years before he joined the UVF in the 1960s. Gusty was a man of war, he was also a man of peace, she said. Leading public figures were among the mourners, including former senior civil servant Maurice Hayes, former head of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission Monica McWilliams, and trade unionist Peter Bunting. [60], In the 1980s, the UVF was greatly reduced by a series of police informers. One study focusing in part on female members of the UVF and Red Hand Commando noted that it "seem[ed] to have been reasonably unusual" for women to be officially asked to join the UVF. The Irish Army set up field hospitals near the border. [12] Due to his later involvement in a murder, Spence was expelled from the Orange Order and the Royal Black Institution. The 78-year-old died in hospital at the weekend after a long illness. [9] Spence served until 1961 when ill-health forced him to leave. [70], There followed years of violence between the two organisations. Save up to 70% with our image packs Pre-pay for multiple images and download on demand. Its name was taken from . The Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary group. ", This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 06:47. They have been engaged in orchestrating violence on our streets, and it's very clear to me that they are engaged in an array of mafia-style activities. [80], In the twentieth IMC report, the group was said to be continuing to put its weapons "beyond reach", (in the group's own words) to downsize, and reduce the criminality of the group. [129] Another estimates that over a 30-year period women accounted for, at most, just 2% of UVF membership. The charges were dropped but later in 1966 he was given life for the murder of Peter Ward, who had called in to a Shankill Road bar with Catholic workmates and was shot dead as he left. DeSantis won't say he's running. While the Troubles broke out in 1969, the murders carried out by the UVF years earlier were seen as brutal sectarian attacks that shocked Northern Ireland. Augustus 'Gusty' Spence (born 28th June 1933) is a former leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force, Loyalist politician and soldier in the British Army. Along with the newly formed Ulster Defence Association (UDA), the UVF started an armed campaign against the Catholic population of Northern Ireland. [149] It is estimated that the UVF nevertheless received hundreds of thousands of pounds in donations to its Loyalist Prisoners Welfare Association. Read about our approach to external linking. . Spence is regarded as the first terrorist godfather in Northern Ireland but also the man who took the first steps towards ending UVF violence. [99][100], On 4 March 2021, the UVF, Red Hand Commando and UDA renounced their current participation in the Good Friday Agreement. In May 1966, the UVF issued a statement, announcing that it was declaring war on the IRA. Mr Spence was brought up in the Shankill, but was forced out in later years by loyalists opposed to his defence of the peace process and his opposition to continued paramilitary activity. Unable to find their target, the men drove around in search of any Catholic instead. VideoRecord numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. In the 1960s, he founded the modern Ulster Volunteer Force, an. Wright was apparently enraged by the nickname and made numerous threats to O'Hagan and Campbell. On 23 October 1972, the UVF carried out an armed raid against King's Park camp, a UDR/Territorial Army depot in Lurgan. 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Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. Gusty Spence funeral to have no . Gusty Spence is regarded as one of the founders of loyalist paramilitarism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. A man committed to social and economic justice and equality and a man absolutely devoted and committed to his wife and family.. In 1984, Gusty was released from prison, and became a leading figure in the Progressive Unionist Party and . She said: "Some people have said that in his later life, he changed to become committed to peace. [4] He married Isabella "Bella" Hayes, Gusty Spence's mother, in 1919. Recently it has emerged from the Police Ombudsman that senior North Belfast UVF member and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) Special Branch informant Mark Haddock has been involved in drug dealing. The UVF launched further attacks in the Republic of Ireland during December 1972 and January 1973, when it detonated three car bombs in Dublin and one in Belturbet, County Cavan, killing a total of five civilians. Eight people were shot dead and hundreds were injured. Gusty Spence, who has died aged 78, was the . [130], Prior to and after the onset of the Troubles the UVF carried out armed robberies. [142] Its main benefactors have been in central Scotland,[143] Liverpool,[144] Preston[144] and the Toronto area of Canada. [157] It was around this time that Sunday World journalists Martin O'Hagan and Jim Campbell coined the term "rat pack" for the UVF's murderous mid-Ulster unit and, unable to identify Wright by name for legal reasons, they christened him "King Rat." [54] The number of killings in Northern Ireland had decreased from around 300 per year between 1973 and 1976 to just under 100 in the years 19771981. Another former PUP leader, Dawn Purvis, said Spence's opinions began to shift sooner than is generally perceived. He will be buried in Bangor after a funeral service on the Shankill Road. DeSantis won't say he's running. This collection contains Gusty Spence's personal and business correspondence from 1959-1998, the bulk of which was written during . The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. RT is not responsible for the content of external internet sites. The former loyalist paramilitary leader Gusty Spence has died in hospital. [8] He was frequently involved in street fights with republicans and garnered a reputation as a "hard man". During the riot, UVF members shot dead RUC officer Victor Arbuckle. "We have to get in there, and stay in there," he continued, remembering that "it took several hundred years to bring about this situation, so we must have a little bit of patience. 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